Electrical Parametric Characterization Measurement of component and module electrical characteristics (impedance, leakage, transfer function, transistor Hfe, diode reverse break down voltage, etc.), are made using TEK 370 / 371 curve tracers, HP4193A Vector Impedance meter, HP4192 LF Impedance Analyzer, HP4274/5 LCR Meter, HP4145 Semiconductor Parameter Analyzer, HP3585A Spectrum Analyzer plus various power supplies, signal generators and meters.   Electrical Functional Confirmation Submitted components and modules are tested functionally if inspection and pin-to-pin I-V signature analysis have not confirmed the failure mode.  Functional testing is performed with the end product, socketed reference products or test fixtures under varying temperature and operating conditions.